Introduction and overview Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee ... [et al.]. -- Measuring poverty Angus Deaton. -- PART I. THE CAUSES OF POVERTY Understanding prosperity and poverty: geography, institutions, and the reversal of fortune Daron Acemoglu ... [et al.]. -- Colonialism, inequality, and long-run paths of development Stanley L. Engerman, Kenneth L. Sokoloff. -- The Kuznets curve: yesterday and tomorrow Thomas Piketty. -- New growth approach to poverty alleviation Philippe Aghion, Beatriz Armendáriz de Aghion. -- Globalization and all that Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee. -- The global economy and the poor Pranab Bardhan. -- The role of agriculture in development Mukesh Eswaran, Ashok Kotwal. -- Fertility and income T. Paul Schultz. -- Fertility in developing countries Mukesh Eswaran. -- Corruption and development Jean-Jacques Laffont. -- Ethnic diversity and poverty reduction Edward Miguel. -- PART II. HOW SHOULD WE GO ABOUT FIGHTING POVERTY?. -- Redistribution toward low incomes in richer countries Emmanuel Saez. -- Transfers and safety nets in poor countries: revisiting the trade-offs and policy options Martin Ravallion. -- Poverty persistence and design of antipoverty policies Dilip Mookherjee. -- Child labor Christopher Udry. -- Policy dilemmas for controlling child labor Kaushik Basu. -- The primacy of education Anne Case. -- Public goods and economic development Timothy Besley, Maitreesh Ghatak. -- Intellectual property and health in developing countries Jean Tirole. -- Public policies to stimulate development of vaccines for neglected diseases Michael Kremer. -- Microinsurance: the next revolution? Jonathan Morduch. -- Credit, intermediation, and overty reduction Robert M. Townsend. -- PART III. NEW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT POVERTY. -- Poor but rational? Esther Duflo. -- Better choices to reduce poverty Sendhil Mullainathan. -- Nonmarket institutions Kaivan Munshi. -- Racial stigma: toward a new paradigm for discrimination theory Glenn C. Loury. -- Aspirations, poverty, and economic change Debraj Ray.